09 According to Lev Vygotsky, learning is 1. a conditioned activity 2. a social activity 3. an individual activity 4. a passive activity

10 According to Jean Piaget, children 1. can be thought to behave and learn in a specific manner using principles of rewards and punishment 2. actively construct knowledge as they manipulate and explore the world 3. learn by observing others following a process of observational learning 4. can be conditioned to behave in particular ways by carefully controlled stimulus response associations

11 There are individual variations in the rate of motor development, yet the sequence of motor development is from ......... to .......... 1. fine motor development; gross motor development 2. cephalocaudal; proximodistal 3. proximodistal; cephalocaudal 4. gross motor development; fined motor development

13 In an elementary classroom it is important to ........ the experiences that a child bring with her. 1. build on 2. deny 3. neglect 4. ignore

14 A child argues that Heinz shouldn't steal the drug ( medicine that can save his wife) because he will be caught and sent to jail if he does so. According to Kohlberg, which stage of moral understanding does the child fall under? 1. The universal ethical principle orientation 2. The instrumental purpose orientation 3. The social-order maintaining orientation 4. The punishment and obedience orientation

15 Lev Vygotsky refers to the verbal dialogues that children's have with themselves as 1. problematic speech 2. egocentric speech 3. private speech 4. distorted speech

16 Associating toys, articles of clothing, household items, occupations and colours with specific sex, is a demonstration of 1. gender relevance 2. evolved gender identity 3. gender stereotyping 4. gender theory