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Biotechnology Principles and Processes Class 12 MCQ. We covered all the Biotechnology Principles and Processes Class 12 MCQ in this post for free so that you can practice well for the exam.
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MCQ on Biotechnology Principles and Processes for NEET Students
Which gene is responsible for controlling cotton bollworms in genetically modified Bt cotton?
a) cryIAc
b) crylAb
c) cryllAb
d) Both a and c
Option d – Both a and c
Disabling the antibiotic resistance gene in a vector helps in identifying which type of bacterial cells?
a) Transformed bacterial cells
b) Competent bacterial cells
c) Recombinant bacterial cells
d) None of the above
Option c – Recombinant bacterial cells
In PCR, at which stage do primers attach to the single-stranded DNA?
a) Polymerisation
b) Annealing
c) Denaturation
d) Transformation
Option b – Annealing
During PCR, Taq polymerase is primarily used for which step?
a) Denaturing the DNA strand
b) Extending the primers on the template
c) Binding of primers to template DNA
d) All of the above
Option b – Extending the primers on the template
Which of the following statements about restriction enzymes is incorrect?
a) They target palindromic sequences
b) They act as endonucleases
c) They are mainly derived from viruses
d) They create identical sticky ends in various DNA samples
Option c – They are mainly derived from viruses
What is the key benefit of using stirred-tank bioreactors?
a) It purifies the desired product
b) It creates anaerobic conditions
c) It maintains oxygen supply throughout
d) All of the above
Option c – It maintains oxygen supply throughout
Assertion: PCR is used to detect HIV in suspected patients.
Reason: PCR amplifies even minute quantities of viral genetic material in the body.
a) Both assertion and reason are true, and the reason explains the assertion
b) Both are true, but the reason is not the correct explanation
c) Assertion is true, reason is false
d) Both assertion and reason are false
Option a – Both assertion and reason are true, and the reason explains the assertion
Detection of pathogen infection can be carried out using which of the following?
a) Glycoproteins
b) Proteins
c) Nucleic acids
d) All of the above
Option d – All of the above
Why do white bacterial colonies appear on chromogenic media during recombinant screening?
a) Due to inactivation of β-galactosidase gene in recombinants
b) Because β-galactosidase gene is active in recombinants
c) Due to β-galactosidase gene inactivation in non-recombinants
d) Due to glycosidase inactivation in recombinants
Option a – Due to inactivation of β-galactosidase gene in recombinants
What modification leads to the conversion of proinsulin into active insulin?
a) Addition of B-peptide
b) Removal of C-peptide
c) Addition of C-peptide
d) Removal of A-peptide
Option c – Addition of C-peptide
Which of the following statements about PCR is incorrect?
a) Thermostable DNA polymerase allows repeated cycles
b) Two complementary oligonucleotides are used as primers
c) Nucleotide precursors are required for extension
d) PCR can amplify DNA to a billion copies
Option b – Two complementary oligonucleotides are used as primers
Choose the correct option based on the statements below:
Statement I: Asexual reproduction holds greater value in biotechnology than sexual reproduction.
Statement II: Asexual methods retain genetic identity, whereas sexual methods lead to variation.
a) Only I is correct
b) Only II is correct
c) Both I and II are correct
d) Both I and II are incorrect
Option b – Only II is correct
In the name Hind III, what does the Roman numeral signify?
a) Number of DNA cuts
b) Discovery sequence of the enzyme
c) Number of recombinant molecules produced
d) Usage frequency of the enzyme
Option b – Discovery sequence of the enzyme
What type of resistance is conferred by Bt cotton?
a) Insect resistance
b) Drought resistance
c) Salt resistance
d) All of the above
Option a – Insect resistance
Under what condition is the pro-Bt toxin activated in the insect larva?
a) Acidic pH in the foregut
b) Neutral pH in the hindgut
c) Alkaline pH in the foregut
d) Alkaline pH in the midgut
Option d – Alkaline pH in the midgut
Which enzyme is not used during DNA isolation from plant tissue?
a) Cellulase
b) Protease
c) Deoxyribonuclease
d) Ribonuclease
Option c – Deoxyribonuclease
Which enzyme is responsible for joining an antibiotic resistance gene with a plasmid?
a) Exonuclease
b) DNA polymerase
c) DNA ligase
d) Endonuclease
Option c – DNA ligase
Bt toxins are best described as:
a) Intracellular polysaccharides
b) Crystalline proteins found inside cells
c) Crystalline proteins secreted outside cells
d) Intracellular lipids
Option b – Crystalline proteins found inside cells
The tobacco plant is infected by the nematode Meloidogyne incognita at which part?
a) Leaf
b) Root
c) Flower
d) Stem
Option b – Root
Identify the incorrect benefit of using genetically modified (GM) crops:
a) Lower dependence on chemical pesticides
b) Rapid depletion of soil nutrients
c) Improved nutritional content
d) Reduced losses after harvesting
Option b – Rapid depletion of soil nutrients
What is the role of restriction enzymes in genetic engineering?
a) Joins two DNA fragments
b) Cuts DNA at precise sites
c) Removes nucleotides from DNA ends
d) Assists in synthesizing new DNA
Option b – Cuts DNA at precise sites
In bioinformatics, what does the term “transcriptome” refer to?
a) Group of enzymes used in genome editing
b) Total mRNA expressed by an organism
c) Overview of gene expression mechanisms
d) A pathway of genetic mutations in cells
Option b – Total mRNA expressed by an organism
What is the purpose of using Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT)? ( Biotechnology Principles and Processes MCQ )
a) Producing larvicidal agents
b) Creating biodegradable plastics
c) Cloning of animals
d) Developing disease-resistant organisms
Option c – Cloning of animals
Which of the following is not a valid scientific claim?
a) Functional chromosomes can be assembled using DNA from various species
b) Synthetic DNA fragments can be engineered in labs
c) DNA from animals can replicate outside cells in lab conditions
d) Plant and animal cells can be cultured and divided in Petri dishes
Option a – Functional chromosomes can be assembled using DNA from various species
The main purpose of developing genetically modified Bt brinjal is: ( Biotechnology Principles and Processes MCQ )
a) Pest resistance
b) Enhanced flavor and nutrition
c) Tolerance to drought
d) Prolonged shelf life
Option a – Pest resistance
The Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee functions under which legislation? ( Biotechnology Principles and Processes MCQ )
a) Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006
b) Geographical Indications Act, 1999
c) Environment (Protection) Act, 1986
d) Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972
Option c – Environment (Protection) Act, 1986
An insect-resistant variety of cotton developed by Monsanto underwent field testing in India. The gene responsible for toxicity was derived from which of the following bacteria?
a) Bacillus subtilis
b) Bacillus thuringiensis
c) Bacillus anyloliquifaciens
d) Bacillus globlii
Option c – Bacillus anyloliquifaciens
Which two bacterial species are extensively used in genetic engineering applications? ( Biotechnology Principles and Processes MCQ )
a) Escherichia and Agrobacterium
b) Nitrobacter and Azotobacter
c) Rhizobium and Diplococcus
d) Nitrosomonas and Klebsiella
Option a – Escherichia and Agrobacterium
Golden rice is genetically engineered to be rich in which vitamin? ( Biotechnology Principles and Processes MCQ )
a) Vitamin A
b) Vitamin B
c) Vitamin C
d) Vitamin K
Option a – Vitamin A
Which of the following methods is most suitable for identifying a child’s biological father? ( Biotechnology Principles and Processes MCQ )
a) Protein profiling
b) Chromosome analysis
c) DNA quantification
d) DNA fingerprinting
Option d – DNA fingerprinting
The gene inserted into cotton plants for insect resistance originates from which source?
a) A virus
b) A bacterium
c) An insect
d) Another plant
Option b – A bacterium
Hybridoma technology enables mass production of which of the following? ( Biotechnology Principles and Processes MCQ )
a) Monoclonal antibodies
b) Interferons
c) Antibiotics
d) Alcohol
Option a – Monoclonal antibodies
Choose the incorrectly matched pair:
a) Adrenaline : Pituitary gland
b) Testosterone : Testes
c) Estrogen : Ovary
d) Thyroxin : Thyroid gland
Option a – Adrenaline : Pituitary gland
The hypothalamus, pituitary, and pineal glands are located in which part of the body? ( Biotechnology Principles and Processes MCQ )
a) Brain
b) Kidneys
c) Lungs
d) Heart
Option a – Brain
What is the correct sequence for the transmission of an impulse in a neuron? ( Biotechnology Principles and Processes MCQ )
a) Dendrite → Axon → Axon terminal → Cell body
b) Cell body → Dendrite → Axon → Axon terminal
c) Dendrite → Cell body → Axon → Axon terminal
d) Axon terminal → Axon → Cell body → Dendrite
Option c – Dendrite → Cell body → Axon → Axon terminal
Which part of the brain manages involuntary functions such as vomiting and blood pressure? ( Biotechnology Principles and Processes MCQ )
a) Cerebral cortex
b) Spinal cord
c) Central nervous system
d) Medulla of the hindbrain
Option d – Medulla of the hindbrain
Which of the following protects the human brain? ( Biotechnology Principles and Processes MCQ )
a) Cranium
b) Vertebral column
c) Spinal cord
d) Joints
Option a – Cranium
Coordinated body actions like cycling or balancing are managed by which part of the brain?
a) Cerebrum
b) Cerebellum
c) Medulla oblongata
d) Spinal cord
Option b – Cerebellum
Which element is vital for the thyroid gland to synthesize thyroxine? ( Biotechnology Principles and Processes MCQ )
a) Calcium
b) Phosphorus
c) Iodine
d) Magnesium
Option c – Iodine
The adrenal glands are located just above which organs? ( Biotechnology Principles and Processes MCQ )
a) Kidneys
b) Lungs
c) Intestines
d) Stomach
Option a – Kidneys
Regulation of blood glucose levels is primarily the function of which gland? ( Biotechnology Principles and Processes MCQ )
a) Adrenal gland
b) Thyroid gland
c) Pancreas
d) Liver
Option c – Pancreas
The hormonal changes occurring during puberty are caused by the release of: ( Biotechnology Principles and Processes MCQ )
a) Estrogen/Testosterone
b) Testosterone/Estrogen
c) Estrogen/Growth hormone
d) Growth hormone/Testosterone
Option b – Testosterone/Estrogen
Consider the following statements:
Assertion: Some animals use regeneration to avoid predators.
Reason: Regeneration involves rearranging existing tissues.
Choose the correct option:
a) Both statements are true, and the reason explains the assertion
b) Both statements are true, but the reason doesn’t explain the assertion
c) The assertion is false, but the reason is true
d) Both statements are false
Option d – Both statements are false
In plants, how are waste products commonly stored? ( Biotechnology Principles and Processes MCQ )
a) Water
b) Gums and resins
c) Minerals
d) Sugars
Option b – Gums and resins
Which body system manages coordination and control of activities? ( Biotechnology Principles and Processes MCQ )
a) Muscular system
b) Excretory system
c) Nervous system
d) Reproductive system
Option c – Nervous system
A chemical reaction at the dendritic tip leads to the formation of:
a) Action
b) Reaction
c) Electrical impulse
d) Potential
Option c – Electrical impulse
The space through which nerve signals pass from one neuron to another is called:
a) Synapse
b) Reflex arc
c) Impulse
d) Reception
Option a – Synapse
Which cells primarily constitute nervous tissue? ( Biotechnology Principles and Processes MCQ )
a) Nephrons
b) Neurons
c) Cells
d) Capillaries
Option b – Neurons
What term describes the immediate and automatic response to a stimulus?
a) Impulse
b) Action
c) Sensation
d) Reflex arc
Option d – Reflex arc
Which part of the nervous system connects the central nervous system to the rest of the body?
a) Peripheral nervous system
b) Brain
c) Spinal cord
d) Reflexes
Option a – Peripheral nervous system
The primary center for reasoning and decision-making in the human brain is the:
a) Forebrain
b) Midbrain
c) Hindbrain
d) Medulla oblongata
Option a – Forebrain
What is the correct sequence in which urine flows through the human excretory system? ( Biotechnology Principles and Processes MCQ )
a) Kidney → Ureter → Urethra → Urinary bladder
b) Kidney → Urinary bladder → Urethra → Ureter
c) Kidney → Ureters → Urinary bladder → Urethra
d) Urinary bladder → Kidney → Ureter → Urethra
Option c – Kidney → Ureters → Urinary bladder → Urethra
Which of the following correctly describes the functions of blood?
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 3 and 4 only
c) 1, 2 and 3
d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Option c – 1, 2 and 3
Consider the following statements:
- Femur is the smallest bone in the human body
- Stapes is the longest bone in the human body
- Enamel is the hardest tissue in the human body
Which of the above is/are correct?
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 3 only
d) All of the above
Option c – 3 only
Which of the following is generally not used for detecting diseases at an early stage? ( Biotechnology Principles and Processes MCQ )
a) PCR
b) Recombinant DNA techniques
c) Serum and urine tests
d) ELISA
Option c – Serum and urine tests
What happens to DNA fragments during gel electrophoresis? ( Biotechnology Principles and Processes MCQ )
a) They are sorted based on their size
b) Shorter fragments move faster
c) They move towards the cathode
d) They undergo amplification
Option a – They are sorted based on their size
Which DNA sequence does not exhibit palindromic symmetry?
a) 5′ CCCGGG 3′ / 3′ GGGCCC 5′
b) 5′ GAATTC 3′ / 3′ CTTAAG 5′
c) 5′ GGATCC 3′ / 3′ GGTACC 5′
d) 5′ GCGGCCGC 3′ / 3′ CGCCGGCG 5′
Option c – 5′ GGATCC 3′ / 3′ GGTACC 5′
Which cell structure is commonly used as a vector in recombinant DNA experiments? ( Biotechnology Principles and Processes MCQ )
a) Plastids
b) Mitochondria
c) Lysosomes
d) Plasmids
Option d – Plasmids
Which of the following about transgenic animals is accurate?
a) Genes for human α-1-antitrypsin help treat phenylketonuria
b) Rosie, the first transgenic cow, produced high-fat milk
c) Most transgenic animals are pigs
d) Some transgenic animals are engineered to be more sensitive to toxins for testing purposes
Option d – Some transgenic animals are engineered to be more sensitive to toxins for testing purposes
In gene cloning, the same enzyme is used to cut both the donor DNA and the plasmid vector. This enzyme is: ( Biotechnology Principles and Processes MCQ )
a) Specific only to plasmids
b) An alkaline reagent
c) The same restriction enzyme
d) Used in biolistic techniques
Option c – The same restriction enzyme
Which system is most efficient for producing recombinant proteins on a large scale?
a) Stirred-tank bioreactors without inlets or outlets
b) Large laboratory flasks
c) Continuous culture systems
d) Temperature-controlled lab flasks
Option c – Continuous culture systems
Biolistic gene delivery uses micro-particles made of: ( Biotechnology Principles and Processes MCQ )
a) Platinum or zinc
b) Silver or platinum
c) Silicon or platinum
d) Gold or tungsten
Option d – Gold or tungsten
Genetically modified insulin is produced using which microorganism? ( Biotechnology Principles and Processes MCQ )
a) Mycobacterium
b) Rhizobium
c) Saccharomyces
d) Escherichia
Option d – Escherichia
In recombinant DNA experiments, the gene that allows transformed cells to grow in the presence of ampicillin is a:
a) Origin of replication
b) Selectable marker
c) Recombinant protein
d) Restriction site
Option b – Selectable marker
During DNA extraction, the purpose of chilled ethanol is to: ( Biotechnology Principles and Processes MCQ )
a) Precipitate the DNA
b) Eliminate histone proteins
c) Enhance restriction enzyme activity
d) Lyse the cell to release DNA
Option a – Precipitate the DNA
Assertion: Bt corn is genetically modified to resist insect pests.
Reason: The cry gene product is toxic to insect larvae.
a) Both assertion and reason are true, and the reason explains the assertion
b) Both are true, but the reason does not explain the assertion
c) Assertion is true; reason is false
d) Both assertion and reason are false
Option a – Both assertion and reason are true, and the reason explains the assertion
Which feature is correct for plasmids in genetic engineering?
a) They are linear molecules
b) They replicate independently
c) They always integrate into host DNA
d) Only one plasmid can exist per cell
Option b – They replicate independently
DNA fragments produced using restriction enzymes are separated using: ( Biotechnology Principles and Processes MCQ )
a) ELISA
b) Electrophoresis
c) PCR
d) Centrifugation
Option b – Electrophoresis
Assertion: Restriction enzymes should have a single recognition site.
Reason: They cleave DNA at specific points on both strands.
a) Both are true and the reason explains the assertion
b) Both are true but the reason doesn’t explain the assertion
c) Assertion is true; reason is false
d) Both are false
Option b – Both are true but the reason doesn’t explain the assertion
Identify the incorrect statement about Agrobacterium tumefaciens: ( Biotechnology Principles and Processes MCQ )
a) Infects dicot plants
b) Transfers T-DNA that causes tumors
c) Modified Ti plasmids are used as safe vectors
d) Ti plasmids are used in both plants and animals
Option d – Ti plasmids are used in both plants and animals
Which technique is based on the interaction between antigens and antibodies?
a) PCR
b) Gel electrophoresis
c) ELISA
d) Biolistics
Option c – ELISA
Bt toxin is effective against which insect group? ( Biotechnology Principles and Processes MCQ )
a) Armyworms
b) Beetles
c) Mosquitoes
d) Flies
Option a – Armyworms
Which of the following is incorrect regarding recombinant DNA technology? ( Biotechnology Principles and Processes MCQ )
a) E. coli lacks natural ampicillin resistance
b) Bacteriophages replicate under bacterial chromosome control
c) White colonies result from insertional inactivation of β-galactosidase
d) DNA is inserted into bacteria via transformation
Option b – Bacteriophages replicate under bacterial chromosome control
What does the term “biopiracy” refer to?
a) Illegally acquiring biological materials
b) Theft of plants and animals
c) Using unauthorized biopatents
d) Exploiting biological resources without proper consent
Option d – Exploiting biological resources without proper consent
The source organism for Bt toxin used in GM crops is: ( Biotechnology Principles and Processes MCQ )
a) Bacteria
b) Fungi
c) Virus
d) Plants
Option a – Bacteria
We covered all the biotechnology principles and processes class 12 MCQ above in this post for free so that you can practice well for the exam.
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