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mcq on Cell Wall and Cell Membrane for Students
Which structures are primarily found inside the nucleus of a cell?
A) Genes and chromosomes
B) Nucleolus and cytoplasm
C) Cytoplasm and chromosomes
D) Protoplasm and chromosomes
Option a – Genes and chromosomes
Identify the cellular structure that is found only in prokaryotic cells.
A) Mesosome
B) Nucleus
C) Nuclear membrane
D) Chromosomes
Option a – Mesosome
In Animal cells, which small membrane-bound organelles help in waste segregation?
A) Golgi apparatus
B) Cytosols
C) Plastids
D) Vacuoles
Option d – Vacuoles
What term describes structures like ribosomes, mitochondria, and the Golgi apparatus found in the cytoplasm?
A) Organelles
B) Organs
C) Cells
D) Tissues
Option a – Organelles
How many cells are produced at the end of meiosis?
A) Two
B) Four
C) Six
D) One
Option b – Four
What is the outermost layer that covers plant cells?
A) Cell membrane
B) Cell wall
C) Golgi apparatus
D) Lysosomes
Option b – Cell wall
Which of the following statements about ATP is incorrect?
A) It is used in enzyme secretion
B) It assists in protein synthesis
C) It transmits nerve impulses
D) It directly contracts muscles
Option a – It is used in enzyme secretion
In what year did E. Gorter and F. Grendel demonstrate that cell membranes are composed of a lipid bilayer?
A) 1910
B) 1945
C) 1925
D) 1962
Option c – 1925
Which statement regarding mitochondria is accurate?
A) Mitochondria exist only in bacteria
B) Mitochondria without an outer membrane are termed mitoplasts
C) Mitochondria lack membranes
D) Mitochondria are found in all living cells
Option b – Mitochondria without an outer membrane are termed mitoplasts
Which factor contributes to the enlargement and elongation of plant cells?
A) Pressure potential
B) Imbibition
C) Turgor pressure
D) Osmotic pressure
Option c – Turgor pressure
Which organelle is common to both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
A) Mitochondria
B) Lysosome
C) Golgi bodies
D) Ribosome
Option d – Ribosome
In the Golgi apparatus, the side from which mature vesicles are released is called the:
A) Spherical face
B) Concave face
C) Bi-concave face
D) Convex face
Option b – Concave face
The SET of chemical reactions that sustains life in cells is known as:
A) Metabolism
B) Transportation
C) Excretion
D) Respiration
Option a – Metabolism
How does an amoeba ingest its Food?
A) Photosynthesis
B) Exocytosis
C) Diffusion
D) Endocytosis
Option d – Endocytosis
Regarding the cell membrane, which statement is correct? I. The membrane selectively allows certain molecules to pass. II. Water can move from areas of low concentration to high concentration.
A) Only I
B) Only II
C) Both I and II
D) Neither I nor II
Option a – Only I
During which phase of the cell cycle does the cytoplasm prepare for mitosis and cytokinesis?
A) M Phase
B) G1 Phase
C) S Phase
D) G2 Phase
Option d – G2 Phase
Who first introduced the term ‘protoplasm’ to describe the cell’s Fluid content?
A) Virchow
B) Schwann
C) Purkinje
D) Leeuwenhoek
Option c – Purkinje
Which process allows plant cells and unicellular freshwater Organisms to absorb water?
A) Morphogenesis
B) Hybridization
C) Tropism
D) Osmosis
Option d – Osmosis
Which organelle is referred to as the ‘suicide bag’ of the cell?
A) Lysosome
B) Mitochondria
C) Ribosome
D) Vacuole
Option a – Lysosome
Who first observed cell division in salamander embryos, noting regular intervals of division?
A) Walther Flemming
B) Albert von Kolliker
C) Edwin Gorter
D) Garth L. Nicolson
Option a – Walther Flemming
Which pair of cell shapes is correctly matched? I. Red blood cells – Spherical II. Muscle cells – Spindle
A) Only I
B) Only II
C) Both I and II
D) Neither I nor II
Option b – Only II
Which stain is commonly used to color cell nuclei red in histology and cytology?
A) Phenolphthalein
B) Safranin
C) Cresol red
D) Methyl orange
Option b – Safranin
Which enzymes are required for DNA replication in Animal cells?
A) Reverse transcriptase, DNA polymerase, DNA primase
B) Topoisomerase, DNA ligase, DNA polymerase, DNA primase
C) Reverse transcriptase, RNA polymerase, Ligase
D) Reverse transcriptase, DNA polymerase, Ligase
Option b – Topoisomerase, DNA ligase, DNA polymerase, DNA primase
Which of the following organelle-function pairs is incorrectly matched?
A) Nucleus – Lipid metabolism
B) Lysosomes – Suicidal bags
C) Mitochondria – Powerhouse of the cell
D) Ribosomes – Protein synthesis
Option a – Nucleus – Lipid metabolism
Which organelle serves both as a Transport pathway and as a site for protein and lipid synthesis?
A) Mitochondria
B) Golgi apparatus
C) Lysosome
D) Endoplasmic reticulum
Option d – Endoplasmic reticulum
What is the main role of the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)?
A) Synthesis of lipids and detoxification
B) Production of proteins
C) Generation of energy
D) Replication of DNA
Option a – Synthesis of lipids and detoxification
Which organelle is a small, spherical structure that performs oxidation reactions to form hydrogen peroxide?
A) Vacuole
B) Centrosome
C) Peroxisomes
D) Nucleus
Option c – Peroxisomes
Which organelle is not present in Animal cells?
A) Cell membrane
B) Endoplasmic reticulum
C) Cell wall
D) Lysosome
Option c – Cell wall
Which description accurately characterizes cells in a plant meristem?
A) Dense cytoplasm, thin cell wall, large nuclei, no vacuoles
B) Dense cytoplasm, thin cell wall, large nuclei, large vacuoles
C) Dense cytoplasm, thin cell wall, small nuclei, no vacuoles
D) Dense cytoplasm, thick cell wall, small nuclei, large vacuoles
Option a – Dense cytoplasm, thin cell wall, large nuclei, no vacuoles
Which pair correctly identifies the genetic material in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, respectively?
A) Nucleoid and Chromatin
B) Chromatin and Nucleoid
C) Nucleoid and Nucleolus
D) Nucleolus and Chromatin
Option a – Nucleoid and Chromatin
Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes. These enzymes are produced by:
A) Golgi apparatus
B) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C) Rough endoplasmic reticulum
D) Lysosome itself
Option c – Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Which organelle, besides the nucleus, has its own DNA, ribosomes, and proteins?
A) Mitochondria
B) Golgi apparatus
C) Nucleosomes
D) Lysosomes
Option a – Mitochondria
During protein synthesis, which Molecule transports amino Acids to the ribosome?
A) mRNA
B) snRNA
C) tRNA
D) miRNA
Option c – tRNA
In vertebrates, smooth endoplasmic reticulum is especially important for detoxifying harmful substances in which organ?
A) Spleen
B) Intestine
C) Liver
D) Kidney
Option c – Liver
Which structure is absent in prokaryotic cells?
A) Cell membrane
B) Nuclear envelope
C) Cell wall
D) Ribosome
Option b – Nuclear envelope
Cells of which group lack a cell wall?
A) Plants
B) Bacteria
C) Fungi
D) Humans
Option d – Humans
Osmosis refers to the movement of water molecules:
A) From high concentration to low concentration through a cell wall
B) From low concentration to high concentration through a fully permeable membrane
C) From high concentration to low concentration through a fully permeable membrane
D) From high concentration to low concentration through a semi-permeable membrane
Option d – From high concentration to low concentration through a semi-permeable membrane
Which organelles possess their own DNA and ribosomes?
A) Golgi apparatus and Endoplasmic Reticulum
B) Mitochondria and Plastids
C) Lysosome and Golgi apparatus
D) Vacuole and Plastids
Option b – Mitochondria and Plastids
Which statement about the cell membrane is correct?
A) Composed of cellulose
B) Fully permeable to all substances
C) Flexible and allows the cell to engulf materials
D) Prevents diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide
Option c – Flexible and allows the cell to engulf materials
In plant cells:
A) Nucleus is not membrane-bound, chloroplasts have membranes
B) Nucleus and chloroplasts are each surrounded by their own membrane
C) Nucleus has a membrane, chloroplasts do not require one
D) Both nucleus and chloroplasts lack membranes
Option b – Nucleus and chloroplasts are each surrounded by their own membrane
Which feature accurately describes biological membranes?
A) Phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins and cholesterol
B) Protein bilayer with embedded lipids and cholesterol
C) Neutral lipid bilayer with embedded proteins and cholesterol
D) Neutral lipid bilayer without proteins or cholesterol
Option a – Phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins and cholesterol
What occurs when human RBCs are placed in an isotonic solution like normal saline?
A) RBCs swell
B) RBCs swell and burst
C) RBCs shrink
D) No change in RBC size
Option d – No change in RBC size
In plant cells, RNA is found in:
A) Cytoplasm only
B) Nuclei and cytoplasm only
C) Nuclei, cytoplasm, mitochondria, chloroplasts, and endoplasmic reticulum
D) Nuclei, cytoplasm, mitochondria, chloroplasts, and ribosomes
Option d – Nuclei, cytoplasm, mitochondria, chloroplasts, and ribosomes
In a plant cell, which organelles possess their own DNA?
A) Nucleus and Endoplasmic Reticulum
B) Ribosome and Golgi apparatus
C) Mitochondria and Chloroplast
D) Chloroplast and Vacuoles
Option a – Nucleus and Endoplasmic Reticulum
Which of the following is not a constant feature in all living cells?
A) Plasma membrane
B) Cell wall
C) Genetic material
D) Cytoplasm
Option b – Cell wall
During an experiment, an epidermal leaf peel was placed in a hypertonic solution. What change would be observed under a microscope?
A) The cells swell
B) The cells undergo plasmolysis
C) The cells develop turgor pressure
D) There is no change in cell size
Option b – The cells undergo plasmolysis
Which of the following structures is found only in eukaryotic cells, giving them greater complexity compared to prokaryotes?
A) Plasma membrane
B) Cell wall
C) Mitochondria
D) Nucleic Acid
Option c – Mitochondria
Which statement correctly describes the Animal cell membrane?
A) Composed solely of phospholipids
B) Composed solely of proteins
C) Made of phospholipids and proteins only
D) Made of phospholipids, proteins, and cholesterol
Option d – Made of phospholipids, proteins, and cholesterol
Consider the following statements about DNA and cell division: 1. DNA replication occurs when chromatin is uncoiled. 2. Chromatin condenses into chromosomes prior to cell division. 3. Prokaryotes and eukaryotes undergo the same cell division process. Which statements are accurate?
A) 1 and 2 only
B) 1 only
C) 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3
Option b – 1 only
In most prokaryotic Organisms, how many chromosomes are present?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
Option a – 1
Why is bacterial DNA referred to as “naked”?
A) It is not bound to proteins
B) It lacks a supporting scaffold
C) It is not linked to plasmids
D) It is not associated with ribozymes
Option a – It is not bound to proteins
Which phase of the cell cycle involves cell growth and DNA replication?
A) Interphase – Growth and DNA replication
B) Interphase – Initiation of DNA separation
C) Mitotic phase – Growth and DNA replication
D) Mitotic phase – Daughter cells receive double DNA content
Option a – Interphase – Growth and DNA replication
Consider the following statements about stem cells: 1. Stem cells can self-renew via mitosis. 2. In 1908, human embryonic stem cells were first obtained from blastocysts through in vitro fertilization. Which of these statements is correct?
A) 1 only
B) 2 only
C) Neither 1 nor 2
D) Both 1 and 2
Option a – 1 only
Microbodies found in plant and Animal cells contain:
A) Enzymes
B) Fragmented membranes
C) Waste products
D) Acidic solutions
Option a – Enzymes
Photo 51 shows which of the following?
A) A lunar crater
B) DNA molecules
C) The virus responsible for COVID-19
D) The virus causing the common cold
Option b – DNA molecules
What is the correct sequence of major Biotechnology discoveries?
A) Plasmid discovery → DNA double helix → DNA fingerprinting → Dolly cloning
B) DNA double helix → Plasmid discovery → DNA fingerprinting → Dolly cloning
C) DNA fingerprinting → Dolly cloning → DNA double helix → Plasmid discovery
D) DNA double helix → DNA fingerprinting → Plasmid discovery → Dolly cloning
Option b – DNA double helix → Plasmid discovery → DNA fingerprinting → Dolly cloning
Why does the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum appear “rough” under a microscope?
A) Presence of ribosomes on its surface
B) Absence of ribosomes
C) Presence of lysosomes
D) Presence of mitochondria
Option a – Presence of ribosomes on its surface
Which Base pairing occurs in normal DNA?
A) Adenine with Thymine
B) Adenine with Guanine
C) Adenine with Cytosine
D) Thymine with Guanine
Option a – Adenine with Thymine
Who conducted the first detailed study of chromosomes during cell division and coined the term mitosis?
A) Friedrich Miescher
B) Thomas Hunt Morgan
C) Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
D) Walther Flemming
Option d – Walther Flemming
Which statement about prokaryotic cells is incorrect?
A) Their size usually ranges between 1–10 μm
B) Their chromosomes consist solely of nucleic Acids
C) They possess membrane-bound organelles
D) Their ribosomes are small
Option c – They possess membrane-bound organelles
Which organelles are exclusive to plant cells?
A) Mitochondria
B) Golgi apparatus
C) Nucleus
D) Plastids
Option d – Plastids
Which organelle generates ATP, the primary energy source for the cell?
A) Endoplasmic reticulum
B) Nucleus
C) Golgi apparatus
D) Mitochondria
Option d – Mitochondria
What is considered the fundamental structural unit of Living Organisms?
A) Organ
B) Organ system
C) Cell
D) Tissue
Option c – Cell
Which organelle acts as the cell’s disposal system for waste?
A) Ribosome
B) Vacuole
C) Mitochondria
D) Lysosome
Option d – Lysosome
During mitosis, which phase involves the elongation of the cell through non-kinetochore spindle fibers?
A) Telophase
B) Metaphase
C) Anaphase
D) Prophase
Option c – Anaphase
Which membrane protein forms tetramers and allows water and small solutes to pass across the membrane?
A) Immunoglobulins
B) Mucins
C) Transferrin
D) Aquaporins
Option d – Aquaporins
What is one key role of the cytoskeleton?
A) Protein synthesis
B) Cell division
C) ATP production
D) Maintaining cell shape and structural support
Option d – Maintaining cell shape and structural support
What are the basophilic granules in nerve cell cytoplasm that aid in protein synthesis called? ( mcq on Cell Wall and Cell Membrane )
A) Nissl bodies
B) Subunit of Parson
C) Oxisome
D) Golgi bodies
Option a – Nissl bodies
What is the semi-Fluid substance within the plasma membrane called? ( mcq on Cell Wall and Cell Membrane )
A) Cytoplasm
B) Nucleus
C) Mitochondria
D) Chromatin
Option a – Cytoplasm
Who first identified ribosomes in the 1950s as small particles often attached to the ER? ( mcq on Cell Wall and Cell Membrane )
A) Albert Kolliker
B) Carl Zeiss
C) George E. Palade
D) Ernst Abbe
Option c – George E. Palade
Which of the following structures is absent in the nucleus? ( mcq on Cell Wall and Cell Membrane )
A) DNA
B) Genes
C) Nucleolus
D) Vacuole
Option d – Vacuole
During cell division, the formation of a phragmoplast between daughter nuclei occurs in which stage? ( mcq on Cell Wall and Cell Membrane )
A) Karyokinesis
B) Cytokinesis
C) G0 phase
D) S phase
Option b – Cytokinesis
In which cells does pyruvate break down into lactic Acid and release energy without oxygen? ( mcq on Cell Wall and Cell Membrane )
A) Human muscle cells
B) Bacteria
C) Yeast
D) Mitochondria
Option a – Human muscle cells
What separates the nucleus from the rest of the cell? ( mcq on Cell Wall and Cell Membrane )
A) Gene
B) Vacuole
C) Cytoplasm
D) Cell
Option c – Cytoplasm
How do somatic cells differ from reproductive cells? ( MCQ on Cell Wall and Cell Membrane )
A) Somatic cells divide by mitosis, while reproductive cells divide by meiosis
B) Somatic cells contain mitochondria, reproductive cells do not
C) Somatic cells lack chromosomes, whereas reproductive cells have them
D) Neither somatic nor reproductive cells are diploid or haploid
Option a – Somatic cells divide by mitosis, while reproductive cells divide by meiosis
In eukaryotic cells, membrane-bound structures that carry out specific functions are called: ( MCQ on Cell Wall and Cell Membrane )
A) Plasma gel
B) Cytoplasm
C) Organelles
D) Nucleoid
Option c – Organelles
Which organelle contains enzymes for fatty Acid breakdown and detoxification? ( MCQ on Cell Wall and Cell Membrane )
A) Vacuole
B) Peroxisome
C) Centriole
D) Lysosome
Option b – Peroxisome
A collection of cells that share similar structure and function is termed: ( MCQ on Cell Wall and Cell Membrane )
A) Organ system
B) Tissue
C) Molecule
D) Organ
Option b – Tissue
In plant cells, which organelles store materials like starch, oils, and proteins? ( MCQ on Cell Wall and Cell Membrane )
A) Chromoplasts
B) Mitochondria
C) Vacuoles
D) Leucoplasts
Option d – Leucoplasts
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