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Maratha Empire MCQ for Students
Who took on the title ‘Haindava Dharmoddharak’ meaning Protector of the Hindu Faith?
(a) Guru Ram Das
(b) Shivaji
(c) Baji Rao I
(d) Balaji Baji Rao
Option b – Shivaji
Which British official was present at Shivaji’s coronation ceremony?
(a) George Oxenden
(b) Job Charnock
(c) Elphinston
(d) Sir John Malcom
Option a – George Oxenden
Who was the priest that officiated Shivaji’s coronation?
(a) Vishveshvara Bhatta
(b) Vaman Pandit
(c) Ram Das
(d) Divakara Bhatta
Option a – Vishveshvara Bhatta
At which location was Shivaji officially crowned as Chhatrapati?
(a) Pune
(b) Kolhapur
(c) Raigarh
(d) Ahmednagar
Option c – Raigarh
From which European nation did Shivaji procure artillery and gunpowder?
(a) The French
(b) The Portuguese
(c) The Dutch
(d) The English
Option b – The Portuguese
In what year did Shivaji first attack Surat?
(a) 1664
(b) 1665
(c) 1661
(d) 1660
Option a – 1664
Jawli was taken over by Shivaji from whom?
(a) Chander Rao Moray
(b) Trimbakrao Dhapade
(c) Siddhis of Tanjira
(d) Bijapur
Option a – Chander Rao Moray
Which of the following correctly describes Shivaji’s military strategies?
I. He specialized in guerrilla warfare and rapid cavalry attacks.
II. He constructed a network of forts on the elevated plateaus of the Western Deccan.
(a) Only I
(b) Only II
(c) Both I and II
(d) Neither I nor II
Option c – Both I and II
The Ashtapradhan was a ministerial body in the administration of which empire?
(a) Gupta Empire
(b) Chola Empire
(c) Vijayanagara Empire
(d) Maratha Empire
Option d – Maratha Empire
Against which kingdom did Shivaji launch his first military expedition?
(a) Golconda
(b) Bijapur
(c) Raigarh
(d) Javali
Option b – Bijapur
Shivaji achieved victory over the Mughals in which battle?
(a) Purandhar
(b) Raigarh
(c) Salher
(d) Shivneri
Option c – Salher
In 1663, who was appointed by Aurangzeb to curb Shivaji’s growing influence?
(a) Khafi Khan
(b) Shaista Khan
(c) Diler Khan
(d) Mubariz Khan
Option b – Shaista Khan
From which city did Shivaji manage to escape while in Mughal custody?
(a) Gwalior
(b) Agra
(c) Delhi
(d) Kanpur
Option b – Agra
According to the Treaty of Purandar, which fort among those handed over to the Mughals was not reclaimed by Shivaji?
(a) Purandar
(b) Mahuli
(c) Lohagarh
(d) Shivneri
Option d – Shivneri
What was the capital city of Shivaji’s kingdom?
(a) Raigarh
(b) Sindh Fort
(c) Poona
(d) Javli
Option a – Raigarh
The Treaty of Purandar in 1665 was concluded between
(a) Shivaji and Aurangzeb
(b) Shivaji and Afzal Khan
(c) Shivaji and Jai Singh
(d) Shivaji and Shaista Khan
Option c – Shivaji and Jai Singh
Shivaji’s final military operation was directed at which location?
(a) Jinji
(b) Raigarh
(c) Panhala
(d) Bijapur
Option a – Jinji
In which year did Shivaji pass away?
(a) 1676 AD
(b) 1677 AD
(c) 1680 AD
(d) 1685 AD
Option c – 1680 AD
Which statement about Shivaji is inaccurate?
(a) The Persian chronicler Khafi Khan praised Shivaji’s approach to religion
(b) Shivaji met Aurangzeb in Agra to further his goal of ‘Hindavi Swarajya’
(c) After his demise, Shivaji left behind a lasting kingdom
(d) Shivaji gave little attention to trade and merchants
Option b – Shivaji met Aurangzeb in Agra to further his goal of ‘Hindavi Swarajya’
What were the main causes behind the emergence of Maratha power?
(a) Awakening of religious identity
(b) Natural protection provided by geography
(c) Growth in political awareness
(d) All of the above
Option d – All of the above
Shahji was granted the jagir of Poona by which kingdom?
(a) Mughal Empire
(b) Adil Shahi rulers
(c) Nizam Shahi Kingdom
(d) The Portuguese
Option b – Adil Shahi rulers
When was Shivaji born and when did he assume the title of Chhatrapati?
(a) 1626, 1675
(b) 1625, 1671
(c) 1627, 1661
(d) 1627, 1674
Option d – 1627, 1674
Where was Shivaji born?
(a) Purandar
(b) Poona
(c) Raigarh
(d) Shivneri
Option d – Shivneri
Afzal Khan led a large force against Shivaji on the orders of rulers from which state?
(a) Bidar
(b) Bijapur
(c) Golconda
(d) Khandesh
Option b – Bijapur
After Shivaji’s death, who contested the succession?
(a) Sambhaji and Shivaji’s widow
(b) Sambhaji and Baji Rao
(c) Raja Ram and Sambhaji
(d) None of the above
Option c – Raja Ram and Sambhaji
Consider the following regarding the Ashtapradhan council:
I. It was a group of eight ministers established by Shivaji for administration and guidance.
II. Shivaji was required to follow the council’s suggestions.
III. Each minister oversaw a specific department.
IV. All ministers had both administrative and military responsibilities.
Which statements are accurate?
(a) I and III
(b) I, II, and III
(c) II, III, and IV
(d) All of these
Option a – I and III
What role did the Wakia Nawis play in Shivaji’s court?
(a) Verified and approved royal expenses and salaries
(b) Recorded daily events involving the king and the court
(c) Managed official correspondence
(d) Conducted religious events and monitored public morals
Option b – Recorded daily events involving the king and the court
What does the term ‘Paga’ refer to in Maratha military structure?
(a) Independent soldiers
(b) Soldiers directly supported by the state
(c) Hired mercenaries
(d) Foreign troops
Option b – Soldiers directly supported by the state
Which of the following held positions in the Ashtapradhan under Shivaji?
I. Mazumdar
II. Dabir
III. Waqia-Navis
IV. Shuru-Navis
(a) I, II, III
(b) II, III, IV
(c) I, II, IV
(d) I, II, III, IV
Option d – I, II, III, IV
What was Kurja-Patti or Tasti-Patti?
(a) A tax equal to one year’s income collected during financial crises
(b) A tax equivalent to two years’ income imposed during emergencies
(c) A land grant designated for local leaders
(d) None of the above
Option a – A tax equal to one year’s income collected during financial crises
In the Maratha cavalry, a group of twenty-five horsemen was commanded by whom?
(a) Nayak
(b) Havaldar
(c) Sarnobat
(d) Jamladar
Option b – Havaldar
Who played a key role in developing Maratha artillery?
(a) Ibrahim Khan Gardi
(b) Mir Habib
(c) Khanderao Dabhade
(d) Kanhojee
Option a – Ibrahim Khan Gardi
What was the term ‘Upari’ used to describe?
(a) A poetic form developed in the Maratha era
(b) A type of tenant landholding under the Marathas
(c) A court officer during Maratha rule
(d) Farmers who rebelled against harsh landlords
Option a – A poetic form developed in the Maratha era
What was the Maratha levy collected in return for protection called?
(a) Sardesh Mukhi
(b) Chauth
(c) Abwab
(d) Jamadani
Option b – Chauth
On what system was the Maratha land revenue administration primarily based?
(a) Ryotwari
(b) Permanent Settlement
(c) Mahalwari
(d) None of the above
Option a – Ryotwari
What was ‘Saranjami’ associated with?
(a) Maratha system of land revenue
(b) Taluqdari system
(c) Administrative setup under Qutub Shahi rule
(d) None of the above
Option a – Maratha system of land revenue
During the later phase of Maratha governance, the proportion of land revenue collected was approximately
(a) 33% of the agricultural yield
(b) 40% of the agricultural yield
(c) 45% of the agricultural yield
(d) 50% of the agricultural yield
Option b – 40% of the agricultural yield
What was the term used by the Marathas for the revenue collected in return for protection?
(a) Sardeshmukhi
(b) Chauth
(c) Abwab
(d) Jamadani
Option b – Chauth
Which of the following combinations pertains to Maratha taxation?
(a) Iqta and Jagir
(b) Chauth and Sardeshmukhi
(c) Zat and Sawar
(d) Polaj and Parauti
Option b – Chauth and Sardeshmukhi
How is ‘Chauth’ best described?
(a) A religious tax imposed by Aurangzeb
(b) A comprehensive tax scheme implemented by Shivaji
(c) A charge related to irrigation under Akbar’s rule
(d) A fourth of the land revenue levied on nearby territories by Shivaji in return for military protection
Option d – A fourth of the land revenue levied on nearby territories by Shivaji in return for military protection
Who was responsible for establishing the Council of Eight Ministers known as Ashtapradhan?
(a) Chandragupta
(b) Ashoka
(c) Harshavardhana
(d) Shivaji
Option d – Shivaji
In Shivaji’s Ashtapradhan council, which official managed the financial affairs?
(a) Peshwa
(b) Amatya
(c) Sumant
(d) Pandit Rao
Option b – Amatya
Who among the members of Shivaji’s ministerial council was in charge of external relations?
(a) Sumant
(b) Amatya
(c) Sar-i-Naubat
(d) Sachiv
Option a – Sumant
What title was given to the head of Shivaji’s Council of Ministers?
(a) Peshwa
(b) Sachiv
(c) Mantri
(d) Sumanta
Option a – Peshwa
During Shivaji’s rule, which office was associated with military leadership?
(a) Financial Administration
(b) Judicial Administration
(c) Local Administration
(d) Military Administration
Option d – Military Administration
What was the role of the ‘Chitnis’ in Shivaji’s administration?
(a) Supervised the king’s personal guard
(b) Led the intelligence and spying operations
(c) Directed royal ceremonies and rituals
(d) Managed the king’s official correspondence
Option d – Managed the king’s official correspondence
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