Bangalore University MBA Question Papers

Explanation: Water expands when it freezes, increasing its volume. Pipes are designed to hold liquid water, not the Solid ice that occupies more space. The expansion creates pressure on the walls of the pipe. As ice forms inside the pipe, the rigid metal or plastic cannot accommodate this increased volume, leading to cracks or bursts. This is why plumbing systems in cold regions are prone to damage during harsh winters. An analogy is filling a sealed bottle with water and freezing it; the bottle can crack due to the expanding ice. Understanding this behavior helps in designing precautions, such as leaving taps slightly open to allow expansion, insulating pipes, or using flexible materials. Proper insulation and preventive measures reduce the risk of winter pipe bursts, ensuring the water supply remains uninterrupted and damage is minimized.

Explanation: Floating ice displaces a volume of water equal to its weight. As ice melts, it converts to liquid water of exactly the same Mass. The volume of water produced by the melted ice exactly matches the volume of water originally displaced. This is because the density of ice is less than that of water, allowing it to float, and the Mass-to-volume relationship ensures no NET change in the water level. A simple analogy is a boat floating on a lake; when part of it melts or dissolves, the water level adjusts to maintain equilibrium without changing overall height. This principle relies on Archimedes’ law of buoyancy, which governs floating objects and displaced fluids. Understanding this explains why ice melting in drinks or lakes does not cause overflow from the container.

Explanation: The gravitational force on the moon is significantly weaker than on Earth, reducing the weight experienced by objects and people. Weight is the force of gravity acting on a Mass, and a lower gravitational pull allows the astronaut to exert the same force with less downward resistance. When jumping, the astronaut pushes against the surface; with weaker gravity, the same push results in a greater upward acceleration. This can be understood using Newton’s second law, F = ma, where a lower gravitational acceleration increases the NET effect of applied forces. An analogy is jumping on a trampoline versus Solid ground; the trampoline provides extra lift, making it easier to rise higher. This explains why astronauts appear to float and move slowly on the lunar surface compared to Earth.

Explanation: Leaning forward while climbing a slope shifts the center of Mass closer to the incline, improving balance and stability. The center of Mass determines how weight is distributed, and keeping it over the Base of support reduces the risk of slipping or falling. This technique also aligns the body with the gravitational force, allowing leg muscles to exert force more efficiently and conserve energy. A practical analogy is a cyclist leaning forward uphill to maintain traction on the front wheel and reduce backward tipping. By adjusting posture, humans maintain equilibrium and move more safely on inclined surfaces, enhancing both stability and energy efficiency.