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MCQ on Biodiversity for Students
Quick Quiz
Although India’s human population is expanding rapidly, the number of birds is decreasing due to which of the following reasons?
I. A rise in hunting activities
II. Widespread use of organic farming methods
III. Major loss of bird habitats
IV. Excessive use of pesticides, chemical fertilizers, and mosquito repellents
a) I and II are correct
b) II and III are correct
c) III and IV are correct
d) I and IV are correct
Option c – III and IV are correct
While travelling through the Himalayan region, which plants are most commonly found growing naturally?
I. Oak
II. Rhododendron
III. Sandalwood
a) I and II
b) Only III
c) I and III
d) All of these
Option a – I and II
Coral reefs are found in which of the following areas?
I. Andaman and Nicobar Islands
II. Gulf of Kachchh
III. Gulf of Mannar
IV. Sunderbans
a) I, II, and III only
b) II and IV only
c) I and III only
d) I, II, III, and IV
Option a – I, II, and III only
Assertion: The south-western island regions of India possess rich biodiversity.
Reason: These islands receive heavy rainfall and are surrounded by oceanic waters.
a) Both A and R are true and R explains A correctly
b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation
c) A is true, but R is false
d) A is false, but R is true
Option a – Both A and R are true and R explains A correctly
Which factor is not a cause of biodiversity loss in Uttarakhand?
a) Expansion of road infrastructure
b) Rapid urban growth
c) Planting trees on degraded land
d) Agricultural land expansion
Option c – Planting trees on degraded land
Which of the following is a serious threat to biodiversity?
a) Fragile environments like mangroves and wetlands
b) Inaccessible zones in the Himalayas
c) Clearing forests and shifting agriculture practices
d) Establishment of biosphere reserves
Option c – Clearing forests and shifting agriculture practices
Which region in India is recognised as a biodiversity hotspot?
a) Andaman and Nicobar Islands
b) Ganga Plains
c) Central India
d) None of the above
Option a – Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Which national park experiences a climate range from tropical to arctic?
a) Khangchendzonga National Park
b) Nandadevi National Park
c) Neora Valley National Park
d) Namdapha National Park
Option d – Namdapha National Park
Which region in India is known for hosting mangrove, evergreen, and deciduous forests together?
a) Northern Andhra Pradesh Coast
b) Southwestern Bengal
c) Southern Saurashtra
d) Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Option d – Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Consider the following statements:
I. Biodiversity hotspots are located only in tropical zones.
II. India’s four hotspots are the Eastern Himalayas, Western Himalayas, Western Ghats, and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
a) Only I
b) Only II
c) Both I and II
d) Neither I nor II
Option d – Neither I nor II
Three of the following criteria have been used to designate biodiversity hotspots like the Western Ghats, Sri Lanka, and Indo-Burma:
I. Species diversity
II. Vegetation density
III. Endemism
IV. Cultural plant use
V. Threat levels
VI. Adaptation to hot, arid climates
a) I, II and VI
b) II, IV and VI
c) I, III and V
d) II, IV and VI
Option c – I, III and V
Identify the biodiversity hotspots from the list below:
I. Eastern Himalayas
II. Eastern Mediterranean
III. Northwestern Australia
a) Only I
b) I and II
c) II and III
d) I, II, and III
Option a – Only I
A species is considered extinct when it has not been observed in the wild for how many years?
a) 15 years
b) 25 years
c) 40 years
d) 50 years
Option d – 50 years
What is the main reason for the declining population of vultures in India?
a) Overuse of Diclofenac
b) Low animal death rates
c) High animal death rates
d) Clean environment
Option a – Overuse of Diclofenac
Which of the following is least responsible for species extinction?
a) Wide ecological range
b) Large body size
c) Limited ecological range
d) Genetic uniformity
Option d – Genetic uniformity
Where is the Silent Valley located?
a) Uttarakhand
b) Kerala
c) Arunachal Pradesh
d) Jammu and Kashmir
Option b – Kerala
Which state is associated with the Silent Valley project?
a) Uttarakhand
b) Himachal Pradesh
c) Kerala
d) Tamil Nadu
Option c – Kerala
The Valley of Flowers is located in which Indian state?
a) Kerala
b) Jammu and Kashmir
c) Uttarakhand
d) Himachal Pradesh
Option c – Uttarakhand
Which area in India contains the richest biodiversity?
a) Indo-Gangetic Plains
b) Trans-Himalayas
c) Western Ghats
d) Central India
Option c – Western Ghats
Which of the following is a biodiversity-rich zone in India?
a) Eastern Ghats
b) Western Ghats
c) Thar Desert
d) Bay of Bengal
Option b – Western Ghats
Which regions are identified as biodiversity hotspots in India?
a) Western Himalayas and Eastern Ghats
b) Western Himalayas and Sunderbans
c) Eastern Himalayas and Western Ghats
d) Eastern Himalayas and Silent Valley
Option c – Eastern Himalayas and Western Ghats
Which of the following is not a biodiversity hotspot in India?
a) Himalayas
b) Vindhyas
c) North-East India
d) Western Ghats
Option b – Vindhyas
Why is the Himalayan region rich in species diversity?
a) Heavy rainfall supports lush vegetation
b) It connects several biogeographic zones
c) It lacks invasive species
d) Minimal human disruption
Option b – It connects several biogeographic zones
Where is India’s most biodiverse region?
a) Silent Valley
b) Kashmir Valley
c) Valley of Flowers
d) Surma Valley
Option a – Silent Valley
What happens to total energy as one moves up a food chain?
a) It increases
b) It is conserved
c) It is lost
d) None of the above
Option d – None of the above
In an ecological pyramid, energy is greatest at the ……… level and least at the ……… level.
a) Producers, consumers
b) Consumers, decomposers
c) Top, bottom
d) Bottom, top
Option d – Bottom, top
Which group has the highest population in a food chain?
a) Producers, fewest in consumers
b) Secondary consumers, fewest in tertiary consumers
c) Base of pyramid, top of pyramid
d) Top of pyramid, base of pyramid
Option c – Base of pyramid, top of pyramid
Which statements about biomass in food pyramids are true?
a) It is upright in land ecosystems
b) Each level contains 10% of the previous one
c) Biomass decreases at higher levels
d) All of the above
Option d – All of the above
Which factor is not essential for ecosystem stability?
a) Cycling of matter
b) Food web and chains
c) Energy transfer
d) Changes in the atmosphere
Option d – Changes in the atmosphere
What happens if top predators are removed from a food chain?
a) Energy flow is interrupted
b) Secondary consumers multiply
c) Both (a) and (b)
d) None of the above
Option c – Both (a) and (b)
In aquatic ecosystems, which of the following is a primary producer?
a) Duckweed
b) Ducks
c) Fish
d) Insects
Option a – Duckweed
Regarding food chains in ecosystems, consider these points:
- They represent how organisms consume one another in a specific order.
- They exist only within populations of the same species.
- They show the quantity of organisms consumed at each level.
a) Only 1
b) 1 and 2 only
c) 1, 2, and 3
d) None
Option a – Only 1
What might happen if the balance between living and non-living components of an ecosystem is severely disrupted?
a) Life on Earth could be at risk
b) Temporary imbalance may occur
c) It can be easily resolved
d) None of these
Option a – Life on Earth could be at risk
How are Oryx and Chiru antelopes different from each other?
a) Oryx thrives in hot deserts, while Chiru survives in cold, mountainous semi-arid regions
b) Oryx is hunted for antlers, Chiru for musk
c) Oryx is native to western India; Chiru to northeast India
d) None of the above
Option a – Oryx thrives in hot deserts, while Chiru survives in cold, mountainous semi-arid regions
In which type of protected area in India are people strictly prohibited from using biomass resources?
a) Biosphere Reserves
b) National Parks
c) Ramsar Wetlands
d) Wildlife Sanctuaries
Option b – National Parks
If birds found in high altitudes go extinct, which plant species might also disappear?
a) Pine
b) Oak
c) Orchids
d) Rhododendrons
Option d – Rhododendrons
In an ecosystem, the 10% energy transfer between trophic levels occurs in which form?
c) Chemical energy
d) Mechanical energy
Option c – Chemical energy
Given a food chain: Producers → Herbivores → Small carnivores → Top carnivores. If producers have 10,000 J energy, how much reaches the top carnivores?
a) 1,000 J
b) 100 J
c) 10 J
d) 1 J
Option c – 10 J
What percentage of solar energy do green plants typically capture for photosynthesis?
a) 1%
b) 5%
c) 8%
d) 10%
Option a – 1%
When a frog eats a grasshopper, how is energy transferred?
a) From producer to decomposer
b) From producer to primary consumer
c) From primary consumer to secondary consumer
d) From secondary consumer to primary consumer
Option c – From primary consumer to secondary consumer
Who introduced the term “ecosystem”?
a) Tansley
b) Odum
c) Warming
d) Darwin
Option a – Tansley
When organisms at higher trophic levels consume various organisms from lower levels, they form a
a) Food web
b) Ecological pyramid
c) Ecosystem
d) Food chain
Option a – Food web
What does the “Greendex” score assess, as published by National Geographic and GlobeScan?
a) Use of carbon-reducing technology
b) Sustainable consumption behavior of citizens
c) National conservation schemes
d) Global carbon trading
Option b – Sustainable consumption behavior of citizens
Under the Ramsar Convention, how should India manage its designated wetland sites?
a) Completely restrict human access
b) Allow tourism only under ecosystem guidelines
c) Preserve them for a period before allowing limited use
d) Maintain them through sustainable ecosystem management
Option d – Maintain them through sustainable ecosystem management
In a coastal area where three rivers converge and flow into the Bay of Bengal near a biodiversity hotspot, which location is most likely described?
a) Bhitarkanika
b) Chandipur-on-sea
c) Gopalpur-on-sea
d) Simlipal
Option a – Bhitarkanika
Which three factors have led to the designation of the Western Ghats, Sri Lanka, and Indo-Burma as biodiversity hotspots?
a) Species diversity, vegetation density, and humid adaptation
b) Vegetation density, cultural significance, and humid adaptation
c) Species diversity, endemism, and threat level
d) Endemism, cultural significance, and humid adaptation
Option c – Species diversity, endemism, and threat level
Consider these statements about protected areas:
- National Park boundaries are legally defined.
- Biosphere Reserves conserve specific plant and animal species.
- Wildlife Sanctuaries allow limited human activity.
a) Only 1
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 1 and 3 only
d) 1, 2, and 3
Option c – 1 and 3 only
In a food chain involving a crop, rat, snake, and hawk, which organism accumulates the most pesticide?
a) Crop
b) Rat
c) Snake
d) Hawk
Option d – Hawk
Choose the correct statements:
- Biodiversity tends to be higher in lower latitudes than in higher latitudes.
- On mountains, diversity is richer at lower altitudes than at higher ones.
a) Only 1
b) Only 2
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Option c – Both 1 and 2
How does the National Biodiversity Authority (NBA) support Indian agriculture?
- Prevents biopiracy and protects local genetic material.
- Oversees GM crop research.
- Requires NBA approval for intellectual property claims on biological resources.
a) Only 1
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 1 and 3 only
d) 1, 2, and 3
Option c – 1 and 3 only
What does the IUCN Red Data Book list?
- Endemic species in biodiversity zones.
- Species facing extinction risks.
- Protected areas globally.
a) 1 and 3
b) 2 only
c) 2 and 3
d) 3 only
Option b – 2 only
Which is not an example of in-situ conservation of plant species?
a) Biosphere Reserve
b) Botanical Garden
c) National Park
d) Wildlife Sanctuary
Option b – Botanical Garden
How do mangrove forests help during natural disasters like tsunamis?
a) They create a buffer between sea and settlements
b) They offer emergency food and medicine
c) Their canopy provides shelter
d) Their strong roots resist being uprooted
Option d – Their strong roots resist being uprooted
What makes the Himalayas highly diverse in species?
a) Heavy rainfall encourages plant growth
b) It lies at the junction of many biogeographic zones
c) Few foreign species have been introduced
d) Human activity is minimal
Option b – It lies at the junction of many biogeographic zones
Which Indian animal is threatened mainly due to habitat destruction, even though it faces no natural predators?
a) Wild buffalo
b) Wild ass
c) Wild boar
d) Gazelle
Option b – Wild ass
Biodiversity supports human survival through which of the following?
- Formation of soil
- Preventing erosion
- Recycling waste
- Crop pollination
a) 1, 2, and 3 only
b) 2, 3, and 4 only
c) 1 and 4 only
d) 1, 2, 3, and 4
Option d – 1, 2, 3, and 4
What can happen due to long-term exposure to UV radiation?
a) Immune and respiratory damage
b) Respiratory and digestive damage
c) Immune suppression and skin cancer
d) Skin cancer and digestive ulcers
Option c – Immune suppression and skin cancer
Certain species influence the survival of many others in their habitat. What are they called?
a) Keystone species
b) Allopatric species
c) Sympatric species
d) Threatened species
Option a – Keystone species
Which of these Indian animals is endangered?
- Crocodile
- Elephant
a) Only 1
b) Only 2
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Option a – Only 1
Which is true about Indian wildlife species?
- Saltwater crocodiles live in the Andaman & Nicobar Islands.
- Shrew and tapir are found in the Malabar region.
a) Only 1
b) Only 2
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Option a – Only 1
Which statements about biodiversity hotspots in India are incorrect?
- They exist only in the tropics.
- India has four hotspots, including the Western Himalayas.
a) Only 1
b) Only 2
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Option d – Neither 1 nor 2
In this food chain: Grass → Grasshopper → Frog → Snake → Hawk, if the energy at the fourth trophic level is 3 kJ, how much energy did the producers originally contain?
a) 3 kJ
b) 30 kJ
c) 300 kJ
d) 3000 kJ
Option d – 3000 kJ
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