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Multiple Choice Questions on Fundamental Programming Concepts with Answers for Students
Which program translates instructions written in assembly language into machine code?
a. Compiler
b. Linker
c. Assembler
d. Interpreter
Option c – Assembler
What term refers to a symbol that specifies a type of action to be performed on data?
a. Operand
b. Operator
c. Expression
d. None of the above
Option b – Operator
What does IDE stand for in the context of programming?
a. Integrated Design Environment
b. Integrated Development Environment
c. Interconnected Development Environment
d. Interactive Developer Environment
Option b – Integrated Development Environment
Which of the following is not considered a programming paradigm?
a. Object-Oriented Programming
b. Functional Programming
c. Procedural Programming
d. Circular Programming
Option d – Circular Programming
In the context of programming, what does a compiler do?
a. Converts source code into machine-readable code
b. Helps with debugging code
c. Generates random numbers
d. Displays the output on the screen
Option a – Converts source code into machine-readable code
Which symbol is used to assign values to a variable in most programming languages?
a. +
b. =
c. :
d. *
Option b – =
What is the main purpose of a comment in code?
a. To define the input data
b. To enhance the program’s performance
c. To clarify or document the code for the developer
d. To declare variables
Option c – To clarify or document the code for the developer
Which programming concept allows a program to choose different actions based on specific conditions?
a. Loop
b. Function
c. Control structure
d. Conditional statement
Option d – Conditional statement
What term refers to a named memory location that stores a value in a program?
a. Function
b. Variable
c. Operator
d. Constant
Option b – Variable
How do you write a single-line comment in Python?
a. This is a comment /
b. # This is a comment
c. // This is a comment
d. <- This is a comment ->
Option b – # This is a comment
What does the expression 5 % 2 return in most programming languages?
a. 25
b. 2
c. 5
d. 1
Option d – 1
In object-oriented programming, what is a class?
a. A function performing a specific task
b. A blueprint for creating objects
c. A data structure for storing multiple values
d. An error in the code
Option b – A blueprint for creating objects
What is the function of the break statement in a loop?
a. To end the program
b. To exit the loop and proceed to the next iteration
c. To print a message to the console
d. To start a new loop
Option b – To exit the loop and proceed to the next iteration
In programming, what is meant by a parameter or argument in the context of functions?
a. A variable declared inside a function
b. A variable used to store user input
c. A value provided to a function when called
d. A keyword reserved by the programming language
Option c – A value provided to a function when called
In object-oriented programming, what best describes polymorphism?
a. A format of organizing data
b. A function’s ability to accept multiple types of inputs
c. An object’s capability to behave differently for the same method call
d. A control structure used for loops
Option c – An object’s capability to behave differently for the same method call
What does debugging typically involve in programming?
a. Coding without making any mistakes
b. Improving the performance of a program
c. Finding and resolving bugs or errors in the code
d. Designing new data structures
Option c – Finding and resolving bugs or errors in the code
What do we mean by a library or module in coding?
a. A format for storing data
b. A reusable set of functions and tools for programming tasks
c. A temporary variable used in user input
d. A specific kind of loop system
Option b – A reusable set of functions and tools for programming tasks
What is the main use of a for-each loop in code?
a. To go through every element in a collection or array
b. To write a new function
c. To run code a fixed number of times
d. To terminate the application
Option a – To go through every element in a collection or array
Which term refers to a group of key-value pairings in programming?
a. List
b. Array
c. Dictionary
d. Function
Option c – Dictionary
What does API stand for in software development?
a. Application Protocol Interface
b. Automated Program Integration
c. Application Programming Interface
d. Advanced Programming Interface
Option c – Application Programming Interface
How would you define recursion in coding?
a. Repeating a block of code in a loop
b. A function calling itself to solve a problem
c. A specific format of data storage
d. An in-code annotation method
Option b – A function calling itself to solve a problem
What is meant by source code in a program?
a. Instructions that run directly on the CPU
b. Editable code written by a developer
c. Output produced by a compiler
d. Code strictly used for finding bugs
Option b – Editable code written by a developer
What is the role of a switch statement in many programming languages?
a. Performing arithmetic operations
b. Creating repeating loops
c. Running code based on different expression values
d. Defining new types of data
Option c – Running code based on different expression values
What does version control help with in programming?
a. Restricting internet access for users
b. Recording and managing changes made to source code
c. A programming language that handles file versions
d. Making the code run faster
Option b – Recording and managing changes made to source code
What does the term “scope” mean in software development?
a. The dimensions of a computer display
b. The extent to which variables are accessible in a program
c. The execution speed of code
d. A way to structure data
Option b – The extent to which variables are accessible in a program
Which of these is NOT a typical programming style?
a. Object-Oriented Programming
b. Functional Programming
c. Linear Programming
d. Procedural Programming
Option c – Linear Programming
What does asynchronous programming involve?
a. Writing programs that work on specially designed asynchronous machines
b. Structuring code to run strictly one step after another
c. Designing programs with a focus on exact timing control
d. Creating code that lets tasks execute independently and finish when they are done
Option d – Creating code that lets tasks execute independently and finish when they are done
What is meant by code refactoring?
a. Starting a project over by rewriting all the code
b. Making changes to introduce errors deliberately
c. Reorganizing existing code to make it cleaner and more understandable without altering how it works
d. Running tests on software to find bugs
Option c – Reorganizing existing code to make it cleaner and more understandable without altering how it works
Why is NaN used in programming?
a. To show that a value is empty
b. To flag a mistake in the code’s syntax
c. To indicate a value that isn’t a valid number
d. To store fixed math values like π or e
Option c – To indicate a value that isn’t a valid number
In programming, what does the term “shell” refer to?
a. A specialized type of data container
b. A command-line interface to interact with the system’s operating functions
c. A tool for hiding data using cryptography
d. A technique for keeping variables secure
Option b – A command-line interface to interact with the system’s operating functions
What defines agile software development?
a. A style that heavily relies on long documentation before starting coding
b. A process with strict timelines and detailed planning that can’t be changed
c. A flexible and repeating development cycle that adapts to user feedback and changing needs
d. A blueprint for organizing software components
Option c – A flexible and repeating development cycle that adapts to user feedback and changing needs
How is the bitwise AND operator used in coding?
a. To reverse true and false values
b. To perform regular addition between two numbers
c. To compare two binary values and keep bits set only when both are 1
d. To divide one number by another
Option c – To compare two binary values and keep bits set only when both are 1
What is aggregation in object-oriented design?
a. Bringing together data from multiple locations
b. Declaring variables within a class
c. Creating repeated loops in a program
d. Linking classes where one contains several objects of another type
Option d – Linking classes where one contains several objects of another type
What does serialization of an object mean?
a. Deleting an object from memory
b. Converting an object into a storable or transferrable format
c. Speeding up a program by reducing object size
d. Managing how memory is allocated to variables
Option b – Converting an object into a storable or transferrable format
Why is Big O notation important in computing?
a. For representing very large numerical values
b. To simplify code by refactoring complex sections
c. To describe how fast or efficient an algorithm is in terms of performance
d. To define repetitive loops in algorithms
Option c – To describe how fast or efficient an algorithm is in terms of performance
What is pairwise swapping in sorting methods?
a. Reducing the total number of lines in the code
b. Securing the data by scrambling it
c. A sorting technique where elements are compared and swapped in pairs
d. Initializing variable types in code
Option c – A sorting technique where elements are compared and swapped in pairs
Which high-level language is frequently used in designing video games?
a. Python
b. C#
c. Perl
d. Ruby
Option b – C#
Which programming language is commonly chosen for tasks involving data analysis and handling?
a. Java
b. C++
c. R
d. Swift
Option c – R
Which language is widely utilized for building dynamic websites?
a. Java
b. PHP
c. C#
d. Swift
Option b – PHP
In high-level programming, what best defines object-oriented programming?
a. A coding style aimed at improving execution speed
b. A structure that organizes code into objects combining data and behavior
c. A language known for its minimal syntax
d. A type of software used to manage databases
Option b – A structure that organizes code into objects combining data and behavior
Which programming language is frequently used in fields like Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning?
a. Java
b. Python
c. C++
d. Perl
Option b – Python
What characterizes a scripting language at the high-level?
a. A language where data types must be declared manually
b. A tool used only for web scripting
c. A language used mainly in game design
d. A language with built-in advanced features for simplified programming
Option d – A language with built-in advanced features for simplified programming
Which language is especially known for creating apps on Apple devices?
a. Java
b. Python
c. Swift
d. Ruby
Option c – Swift
In high-level languages, what does garbage collection refer to?
a. Disposing of outdated hardware components
b. Enhancing database performance through query optimization
c. Automatically freeing memory from objects no longer needed
d. Converting objects into storable data formats
Option c – Automatically freeing memory from objects no longer needed
What is a variable in the context of high-level coding?
a. A predefined word with special meaning
b. A storage unit for data that can change
c. A numeric type for decimals
d. A technique for improving code structure
Option b – A storage unit for data that can change
How is functional programming defined in high-level languages?
a. An object-focused approach to software design
b. A method where functions are the core elements of the program
c. A category of database systems
d. A process used to develop visual interfaces
Option b – A method where functions are the core elements of the program
In compiler design, what does the term “optimization” usually imply?
a. Enhancing code readability for developers
b. Increasing the speed and efficiency of program execution
c. Converting a program into several programming languages
d. Fixing bugs in the source code
Option b – Increasing the speed and efficiency of program execution
Which of the following accurately describes how interpreters function?
a. Interpreters transform the entire code into machine code prior to running it
b. Interpreters create executable files for future use
c. Interpreters read and execute the program one line at a time without compiling it completely
d. Interpreters mainly focus on improving the performance of the code
Option c – Interpreters read and execute the program one line at a time without compiling it completely
What is a key benefit of using an interpreter instead of a compiler?
a. It results in programs that run more quickly
b. It ensures better type validation
c. It simplifies the debugging process and speeds up development
d. It generates more compact executable files
Option c – It simplifies the debugging process and speeds up development
a. Syntax analysis (Parsing)
b. Code optimization
c. Machine code generation
d. Token recognition (Lexical analysis)
Option a – Syntax analysis (Parsing)
During the compilation process, what is the role of the linker?
a. Changing high-level instructions into assembly code
b. Merging multiple object files to produce a single executable file
c. Identifying and reporting syntax errors in the code
d. Improving the code’s runtime efficiency
Option b – Merging multiple object files to produce a single executable file
Which of the following languages are generally compiled into machine-level code before running?
a. Python
b. Java
c. C++
d. JavaScript
Option c – C++
What does just-in-time (JIT) compilation refer to in programming?
a. Compiling the code completely before it runs
b. A concept commonly used in low-level coding
c. A specific strategy to enhance code performance
d. Converting intermediate code to machine code while the program is executing
Option d – Converting intermediate code to machine code while the program is executing
Identify a language that is typically compiled before execution.
a. Python
b. Ruby
c. C#
d. JavaScript
Option c – C#
Why are compiled languages often preferred over interpreted ones?
a. They can run on more platforms
b. They offer simpler debugging tools
c. They usually execute faster
d. They are easier to understand by humans
Option c – They usually execute faster
Which language is frequently used for scripting and typically runs through an interpreter?
a. C++
b. Java
c. Perl
d. Fortran
Option c – Perl
What is the primary function of the preprocessor in C or C++?
a. Making the code run faster
b. Converting source code into assembly
c. Deleting comments and extra spaces from the code
d. Managing macros and including necessary header files
Option d – Managing macros and including necessary header files
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