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Biogeography UPSC. We covered all the Biogeography UPSC in this post for free so that you can practice well for the exam.
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mcq on Biogeography for UPSC Students
Statement I: The downward mechanical movement of Minerals from a soil horizon, such as by rainfall, is known as eluviation. Statement II: The movement of Minerals from a soil horizon through chemical processes is termed leaching.
(a) Both statements are correct, and Statement II explains Statement I correctly
(b) Both statements are correct, but Statement II does not explain Statement I correctly
(c) Statement I is correct, but Statement II is incorrect
(d) Statement I is incorrect, but Statement II is correct
Option a – Both statements are correct, and Statement II explains Statement I correctly
Statement I: Horizonation refers to the differentiation of soil layers with depth. Statement II: Soil differentiation occurs due to processes such as eluviation, illuviation, and humification.
(a) Both statements are correct, and Statement II explains Statement I correctly
(b) Both statements are correct, but Statement II does not explain Statement I correctly
(c) Statement I is correct, but Statement II is incorrect
(d) Statement I is incorrect, but Statement II is correct
Option a – Both statements are correct, and Statement II explains Statement I correctly
I. Cold and humid climates are most suitable for podzolisation. II. Laterisation leads to the removal of silica from the soil. III. Warm tropical climates are most suitable for laterisation.
(a) I and II
(b) II and III
(c) I and III
(d) All of these
Option b – II and III
I. Soil-forming processes are highly dynamic and complex. II. Different natural environments influence the processes that create soil. III. Leaching plays no role in soil formation.
(a) I and II
(b) II and III
(c) I and III
(d) All of these
Option a – I and II
The C-horizon in a soil profile consists of
(a) Sub-soil
(b) Parent material
(c) Bedrock
(d) Topsoil
Option b – Parent material
Identify the correct statement.
(a) The soil profile consists of A, B, and C horizons
(b) The C-horizon lies below the depth of root penetration
(c) Soil Matter exists only in Solid and liquid forms
(d) Field capacity is also called wilting point
Option b – The C-horizon lies below the depth of root penetration
I. A soil profile represents a horizontal section of soil. II. The C-horizon is known as the sub-stratum. III. The B-horizon is the zone of accumulation.
(a) II and III
(b) All of these
(c) I and III
(d) I and II
Option a – II and III
I. Crops primarily grow in the A and B horizons. II. Most Organic Matter is found in the A-horizon. III. The C-horizon is unaffected by soil-forming processes.
(a) I and II
(b) All of these
(c) II and III
(d) None of these
Option b – All of these
Assertion (A): The C-horizon is influenced by both physical and chemical processes. Reason (R): Podzol soils are highly suitable for grain crops due to their high Base content.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R explains A correctly
(b) Both A and R are true, but R does not explain A correctly
(c) A is true, but R is false
(d) A is false, but R is true
Option b – Both A and R are true, but R does not explain A correctly
What is meant by a soil profile?
(a) The clumping of individual soil particles into aggregates
(b) A soil layer with unique colour, texture, structure, and composition
(c) The vertical sequence of soil horizons down to the parent rock
(d) Loose, unconsolidated weathered material
Option c – The vertical sequence of soil horizons down to the parent rock
In which horizon does Organic Matter primarily accumulate?
(a) O-horizon
(b) A-horizon
(c) B-horizon
(d) C-horizon
Option b – A-horizon
A, E, and B horizons together are referred to as
(a) Sub-soil
(b) Stratum
(c) Solum
(d) None of these
Option c – Solum
Which term refers to soil-related factors?
(a) Edaphic
(b) Climate
(c) Biotic
(d) Topography
Option a – Edaphic
Biodiversity supports human life in which of the following ways?
(a) Soil formation
(b) Prevention of soil erosion
(c) Recycling of waste
(d) Pollination of crops
Option a – Soil formation
Which process occurs in humid tropical regions where persistent warmth and rainfall create a deeply weathered layer?
(a) Leaching
(b) Podzolisation
(c) Laterisation
(d) Salinisation
Option c – Laterisation
In which process is silica removed and aluminium accumulates near the surface?
(a) Leaching
(b) Podzolisation
(c) Laterisation
(d) Salinisation
Option c – Laterisation
Which soil-forming process involves the creation of Organic Acids and soluble chelates?
(a) Leaching
(b) Podzolisation
(c) Laterisation
(d) Salinisation
Option b – Podzolisation
When Minerals are moved from the upper horizon and deposited in lower layers, this is called
(a) Laterisation
(b) Illuviation
(c) Leaching
(d) Eluviation
Option b – Illuviation
In moist climates, clay particles often move downward through root channels and worm burrows, depositing in the sub-soil. This is known as
(a) Eluviation
(b) Cheluviation
(c) Lessivation
(d) Leaching
Option a – Eluviation
I. Calcification involves the accumulation of calcium carbonate in the soil. II. Podzolisation removes calcium carbonate from the soil. III. The accumulation of magnesium in soil is called alkalisation.
(a) I and II
(b) All of these
(c) II and III
(d) I and III
Option a – I and II
Which of the following is an active factor in soil formation?
(a) Relief
(b) Time
(c) Parent material
(d) Climate
Option d – Climate
In the initial stage of soil development, the parent rock is broken down into
(a) Lopolith
(b) Batholith
(c) Regolith
(d) None of these
Option c – Regolith
High temperatures affect soil formation by
(a) Reducing microbial activity
(b) Increasing leaching
(c) Increasing microbial activity
(d) None of the above
Option c – Increasing microbial activity
Forests influence soil formation through
(a) Increasing humidity
(b) Reducing evaporation
(c) Enhancing precipitation
(d) All of the above
Option d – All of the above
Which factor is considered a passive agent in soil formation?
(a) Climate
(b) Time
(c) Biota
(d) Parent material
Option b – Time
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